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National integration is the process and sentiment of uniting diverse groups within a nation—across ethnicity, religion, language, region, and culture—into a cohesive society where all citizens share a common identity and purpose.It involves fostering a sense of collective national consciousness, loyalty, and belonging that transcends sectional differences, while upholding the principle of unity in diversity. […]
Definition:Parthenogenesis is a type of asexual reproduction in which a new individual develops from an unfertilized egg (ovum). Types of Parthenogenesis Based on Ploidy of Offspring Examples in Different Groups Mnemonic to Remember “Partheno = Virgin Birth” → Think of it as reproduction without fertilization. Parthenogenesis is the development of an embryo from an unfertilized […]
The endocrine system is a network of glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood. These hormones regulate growth, metabolism, reproduction, and many vital body functions. Unlike exocrine glands, they do not have ducts → they are called ductless glands. 1. Pituitary Gland – Master Gland Hormones & Functions: 2. Thyroid Gland 3. Parathyroid Glands […]
Plant hormones (also called phytohormones) are natural, chemical substances produced in small amounts that regulate plant growth, development, and responses to the environment. 1. Auxins 2.Gibberellins (GA) 3. Cytokinins 4. Abscisic Acid (ABA) 5. Ethylene Summary Table Hormone Major Action Growth Effects Auxins Cell elongation Tropisms, root initiation, apical dominance Gibberellins Stem elongation, germination Bolting, […]